Urgent Hepatitis A Outbreak in L.A. County: Key Insights & How to Stay Safe

Los Angeles County is facing a serious outbreak of hepatitis A, a contagious virus that can cause liver damage. In 2024 alone, there have been 165 reported cases—triple the number from last year. This figure is alarming; it marks the highest rate in a decade, with seven associated deaths.

Usually, hepatitis A is most common among homeless individuals who struggle to access restrooms and sanitation. However, this year’s cases are strikingly different. Many of those infected are not homeless and haven’t traveled or used illicit drugs—other known risk factors.

Dr. Muntu Davis, L.A. County’s health officer, emphasizes the urgency of this situation. He urges residents to get vaccinated against hepatitis A: “The ongoing increase in cases signals that quick action is needed to protect public health.”

Over the first quarter of 2024, 29 new cases were reported, double the total from the same time last year. The virus spreads through contaminated food or drink, and can also be transmitted via close contact with infected individuals. According to the CDC, symptoms can include fever, fatigue, stomach discomfort, nausea, and jaundice.

Dr. Sharon Balter, who heads the county’s communicable disease division, believes the actual number of cases is likely much higher than reported. Many infections go undiagnosed, making it difficult to control the outbreak. Remarkably, the current outbreak far exceeds L.A. County’s worst year in recent history—2017, when 87 cases were confirmed.

Some hope had emerged earlier in 2024, as wastewater data suggested a decline in viral levels. However, recent upticks indicate that the outbreak is worsening. Wastewater surveillance has become a valuable tool for understanding the true extent of hepatitis A, especially since many infected individuals do not seek medical care.

Genetic research shows that the strain causing the current outbreak is primarily concentrated in L.A. County, though a few cases have been noted in nearby Orange and San Bernardino counties. The vaccine, recommended since 1995 for young children in high-risk areas, is vital for controlling outbreaks. Dr. Prabhu Gounder from the Department of Public Health highlights, “The vaccine is very effective.”

The CDC recommends vaccination for all children by age 1 or 2, and adults can also benefit. With high numbers of unvaccinated adults being identified, the county’s health officials especially encourage vaccinations among vulnerable groups—homeless individuals and drug users.

Another crucial piece of public health advice is hygiene. Regular handwashing with soap is essential, particularly after using the bathroom or before eating. If hand sanitizer is used, it should contain at least 60% alcohol for greater efficacy against the virus.

Hepatitis A symptoms typically appear 15 to 50 days after exposure, complicating early detection. Many early symptoms mimic other illnesses like the stomach flu. Dr. Gounder warns, “Right now, the cases we see are from exposures over a month ago.”

Historically, hepatitis A has been recognized for centuries, but was only isolated in the 1970s. A significant decline in case rates occurred after the availability of an effective vaccine, with a 95% reduction from 1996 to 2011. Yet, outbreaks resurfaced in 2016, particularly affecting vulnerable populations.

The 2016 hepatitis A outbreak in San Diego County serves as a cautionary tale, resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of cases. Public health responses, including widespread vaccinations, proved critical in controlling that outbreak. Dr. Balter notes, “It ended with tremendous efforts to vaccinate those who couldn’t get the shot themselves.”

As the county grapples with this latest outbreak, health officials warn that reduced federal funding could hinder their efforts. Cuts in grants for public health could limit the resources needed for effective tracking and vaccination campaigns.

To ensure community safety, widespread vaccination and public awareness efforts are essential. As Dr. Gounder states, “We need to increase immunity to stop this outbreak.” Community engagement and proper sanitation measures must also be prioritized to safeguard public health.

For more information on hepatitis A and vaccination, consult the CDC’s official page.

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