Vanuatu’s Bold Fight Against Climate Change: Shedding Light on Dying Reefs and Flooded Graves

Coral Reefs and Climate Change in Vanuatu

Over the past decade, John Warmington’s dives in Vanuatu’s Havannah Harbor revealed vibrant coral reefs filled with life. He describes it as a close friend. But now, the reef is almost unrecognizable.

In 2015, Cyclone Pam damaged the reefs. Sediment from the land smothered them. Following that, voracious crown-of-thorns starfish further destroyed the coral. More cyclones in 2023 finished the job, and in December 2024, a strong earthquake shook the seabed, creating a graveyard of bleached coral and lost habitats. “We’ve come out of the water in tears,” said Warmington, who has dived here thousands of times.

The situation is worsening across Vanuatu. Cyclones are becoming more frequent, and sea levels are rising. Since 1993, sea levels have risen about 6 millimeters (0.24 inches) each year—faster than the global average. This has brought saltwater intrusion, affecting fresh water and agriculture.

Climate Change Court Case

Recently, Vanuatu took a significant step in the global climate conversation. The International Court of Justice is set to give an advisory opinion on what responsibilities nations have concerning climate change. With support from over 130 countries, this case could influence future international climate laws.

Teen climate activist Vepaiamele Trief remarked, “Seeing large, polluting countries continue business as usual can be very disheartening. If the court rules in our favor, it could change everything.”

While the court’s opinion won’t be legally binding, it may spark more significant actions toward accountability for large emitters, which is vital for nations like Vanuatu.

Educational and Economic Struggles

For children in Vanuatu, climate change isn’t a future concern; it’s a daily reality. At Sainte Jeanne D’Arc school, many students have learned in tents due to storms and earthquakes disrupting classrooms. Teacher Noellina Tavi has experienced it firsthand. She often has to send students home when rain makes the tents cold and muddy. “It’s too crowded,” she said, highlighting the struggle for a peaceful learning environment.

Across the islands, farmers like Kaltang Laban are also facing challenges. Cyclones have decimated vital crops like bananas and cassava. “After a cyclone, we would have nothing for months,” he explained.

More than 70% of Vanuatu’s population lives in rural areas, relying heavily on farming. Recent funding cuts for water access projects have left communities vulnerable during natural disasters. “These disasters are happening over and over again,” said Vomboe Shem from Save the Children.

The Need for Global Action

Experts stress that while climate change is a significant threat, other factors such as deforestation and coastal developments also harm the environment. Christina Shaw, CEO of the Vanuatu Environmental Science Society, pointed out that the country’s fragile ecosystem faces multiple challenges.

As village chief Amos Kalsont on Pele island shared, the sea is encroaching on burial grounds, threatening heritage and memories. He expressed frustration that his community must bear the consequences of a crisis they didn’t cause. “The sea is catching up, and we don’t know what else to do,” he said.

Despite these hardships, there is hope. Many in Vanuatu remain committed to building back stronger, aiming for a better future for their children. John Warmington and his wife are replanting coral fragments, hoping to revive what’s left of the reef. “Our friend is still here,” he said. “Life is coming back.”

As climate impacts worsen, the eyes of the world are on Vanuatu, reminding us all of the urgency for action and support.

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Christina Shaw,Jeanne d'Arc,environment,World news,Annika Hammerschlag,Climate,John Warmington,Ralph Regenvanu