The decline of Japan’s agricultural workforce is a pressing issue. As fewer people work in farming, it poses a risk to food production. To address this, Japan is focusing on maximizing the use of its farmland, including all rice paddies, to ensure food security for the future.
During recent elections, the Liberal Democratic Party committed to this goal, with support from Prime Minister Takaichi Sanae and Minister of Agriculture Norikazu Suzuki. Suzuki has expressed the need to shift from the current subsidy system that only supports paddy fields. Instead, he advocates for measures that boost productivity across various crops, whether they’re grown in paddy fields or upland fields.
Suzuki highlighted a crucial point: “With the number of people in agriculture declining, we must utilize our farmland effectively to guarantee a stable food supply.” His plan includes redirecting direct payment subsidies to foster productivity improvements instead of focusing solely on rice production.
While rice farming is currently not part of this new scheme, discussions are underway to include it in future policies starting from fiscal year 2027. Suzuki understands the urgency of ensuring food security, especially with the dwindling number of rice farmers.
He clarified that fully utilizing rice paddies does not conflict with Japan’s tradition of demand-oriented production. “To maximize our farmland,” he explained, “we need to expand rice consumption, not just for eating, but also for products like rice flour and exports.” This approach could also allow for the cultivation of essential crops, such as wheat and soybeans, which Japan heavily relies on through imports. Local production of these crops could enhance food security further.
The government is also looking at support for mountainous and hilly regions, which constitute about 40% of Japan’s farmland. These areas face unique challenges, including farm abandonment and declining communities. Suzuki emphasized the importance of listening to feedback from those farming in these regions. He aims to create policies that help them continue farming and thriving.
He said, “People are giving up farming in these areas, and we need to stop this trend.” To that end, priority “defensive” zones are being established with targeted measures to support these communities and keep them productive.
According to recent data, as of 2022, Japan’s agricultural workforce has dwindled to about 1.3 million, down from nearly 4 million in 2000. This rapid decline raises alarms about the nation’s capacity to produce food sustainably in the years to come.
Expert opinions suggest that enhancing productivity through innovative techniques and technology could be key. For instance, shifting to precision agriculture can help farmers maximize yields with fewer resources. Engaging younger generations through education and community programs may also spark interest in agriculture as a viable career.
Overall, Japan’s efforts to transform its agricultural policies reflect a critical need to adapt to changing demographics while ensuring food security for all.
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