Extreme heat isn’t just uncomfortable; it can seriously harm our lungs. It tightens the bronchial tubes, dries out mucous membranes, and increases exposure to pollutants. This is especially risky for older adults and those with chronic illnesses like COPD.
Recent data shows that Canadians aged 60 and older face a dramatic rise in extreme heat. “Heatwave person-days” have jumped by 284% in just four years compared to the late 1980s. The 2021 heat wave in British Columbia tragically resulted in 619 deaths, showing how dangerous this issue can be.
Allergies are also on the rise. Since 1990, North American pollen seasons have lengthened by nearly three weeks, with pollen levels up by 21%. This shift is expected to result in significant costs; climate-related allergies in Quebec alone could hit $360 million by 2065.
Flooding brings yet another risk. It creates damp conditions that are perfect for mould, which can trigger asthma and other respiratory issues.
Who is Most Affected?
The impact of climate change isn’t uniform. Those with fewer resources often face the worst consequences. Indigenous communities in Canada are particularly hard hit; they make up only 5% of the population but account for 42% of wildfire evacuations. Their homes are frequently in high-risk areas.
Other vulnerable groups include seniors, renters, and those living with asthma or COPD. Dr. Doiron highlights that wildfire smoke can travel far and affect rural communities too, making it a widespread concern.
What Can Be Done?
Addressing these issues requires immediate action. The first step is personal protection: wearing N95 masks during smoke events, monitoring air quality, and using HEPA air purifiers. A recent study found that these purifiers can reduce indoor PM2.5 levels by 50% and lessen COPD flare-ups by 70%.
However, these are short-term solutions. Experts stress the need for long-term measures—cutting greenhouse gas emissions, improving electric transportation, and integrating climate risks into health policies. Healthcare professionals play a vital role here. They can help identify and treat climate-related health issues while informing patients about protective strategies.
“Healthcare professionals are on the frontlines,” Dr. Doiron said. “Their actions can help strengthen our healthcare systems against future climate challenges.”
It’s clear that climate change brings serious health risks, and understanding them is crucial for safeguarding our communities. We need to work together, build awareness, and create resilient systems for the future.
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pollution, environment, public health, research, Dany Doiron, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
